GPT

10 entries between May 2020 and September 2026, 3 turning points, 19 releases.

Turning points

  1. OpenAI launches GPT-4o, a single model for text, audio, and images

    OpenAI introduced GPT-4o on 13 May 2024, one model trained across text, image, and audio, demonstrated by chief technology officer Mira Murati in a livestream showing real-time voice conversation. OpenAI gave it to free ChatGPT users and said it handled around 50 languages.

  2. OpenAI releases GPT-4, its first model to accept images

    OpenAI released GPT-4 on 14 March 2023 to ChatGPT Plus subscribers and to developers through a waitlist. The model accepted images as well as text. OpenAI reported it placing near the top 10 percent on a simulated bar exam, against roughly the bottom 10 percent for GPT-3.5.

  3. OpenAI publishes GPT-3, a 175-billion-parameter language model

    OpenAI researchers led by Tom B. Brown posted “Language Models are Few-Shot Learners” to arXiv on 28 May 2020. It described GPT-3, an autoregressive language model with 175 billion parameters, ten times larger than any prior non-sparse model.

Every entry

  1. OpenAI adds cheaper GPT-6 Sol and Luna tiers

    On 22 September 2026 OpenAI released GPT-6 Sol and GPT-6 Luna, mid and budget tiers of the GPT-6 family priced at half the GPT-5.6 promotional rates, aimed at coding and high-volume work.

  2. OpenAI launches GPT-6 Astra

    On 3 September 2026 OpenAI released GPT-6 Astra, presented as the company’s most capable model to date, with advanced computer use, coding, cybersecurity and science abilities.

  3. Anthropic and OpenAI ship rival coding models minutes apart

    Anthropic released Claude Opus 4.6 with agent teams in Claude Code and a 1 million-token context window in beta. OpenAI released GPT-5.3-Codex minutes later, reporting a 25% speed increase for Codex users.

  4. OpenAI makes GPT-5 the default model in ChatGPT

    OpenAI released GPT-5 on 7 August 2025, describing it as a unified model that combined the step-by-step reasoning of the o-series with the faster replies of the GPT series, with a 400,000-token context window. It became the default for free and paid ChatGPT users.

  5. OpenAI launches GPT-4o, a single model for text, audio, and images

    OpenAI introduced GPT-4o on 13 May 2024, one model trained across text, image, and audio, demonstrated by chief technology officer Mira Murati in a livestream showing real-time voice conversation. OpenAI gave it to free ChatGPT users and said it handled around 50 languages.

  6. OpenAI releases GPT-4, its first model to accept images

    OpenAI released GPT-4 on 14 March 2023 to ChatGPT Plus subscribers and to developers through a waitlist. The model accepted images as well as text. OpenAI reported it placing near the top 10 percent on a simulated bar exam, against roughly the bottom 10 percent for GPT-3.5.

  7. OpenAI announces Codex, a code-generating version of GPT-3

    OpenAI announced Codex on 10 August 2021 and opened a private beta. The model, a version of GPT-3 fine-tuned on public source code, turned plain-English instructions into working code across several programming languages in live demonstrations.

  8. Microsoft licenses GPT-3 exclusively from OpenAI

    Microsoft announced a multiyear agreement on 22 September 2020 to license GPT-3 exclusively, letting it embed the model in its own products while OpenAI continued to sell GPT-3 to other customers through its own API. Azure already hosted OpenAI’s training supercomputer.

  9. OpenAI opens GPT-3 to developers through a private API beta

    OpenAI opened a commercial API on 11 June 2020 giving developers access to GPT-3 for what it called virtually any English language task. The private beta included about a dozen partner companies, among them Algolia, Quizlet, and Reddit.

  10. OpenAI publishes GPT-3, a 175-billion-parameter language model

    OpenAI researchers led by Tom B. Brown posted “Language Models are Few-Shot Learners” to arXiv on 28 May 2020. It described GPT-3, an autoregressive language model with 175 billion parameters, ten times larger than any prior non-sparse model.

Releases

Date Release Maker Kind What it was
2026
GPT-6 with Intelligent UI OpenAI product GPT-6 rolls out to all ChatGPT tiers with interactive in-answer interfaces.
GPT-6.1 Sol OpenAI model Coding and computer-use model launched at DevDay 2026 at one-fifth of Astra token price.
GPT-6 Sol OpenAI model Mid tier of the GPT-6 family at half the GPT-5.6 promotional rates, aimed at coding and high-volume work.
GPT-6 Luna OpenAI model Budget tier of the GPT-6 family at half the GPT-5.6 promotional rates.
GPT-Rosalind (out of research preview) OpenAI model Life sciences research model introduced in April; left research preview and became available globally to eligible organizations via trusted access.
GPT-Live-1 in the API OpenAI model Voice model that listens and speaks at once, first introduced in ChatGPT, handing deeper reasoning to paired models; $0.05 per minute for the voice layer.
GPT-Image-2.5 Flare OpenAI model API image model with the quality, editing and speed improvements of Images 2.5.
GPT-Image-2.5 Sunburst OpenAI model API image model with extra precision for detailed creative work, at the cost of longer generation times.
GPT-6 Astra OpenAI model Model aimed at computer use, browsing, software engineering, cybersecurity and science; initially rolled out to a limited set of organizations.
GPT-5.6 Luna OpenAI model New default model for free-tier ChatGPT.
GPT-5.3 Codex OpenAI model Agentic coding model, 25% faster than GPT-5.2; released 15 minutes after Opus 4.6.
2025
GPT-5 OpenAI model OpenAI’s first unified reasoning-plus-chat model. Became the default in ChatGPT.
GPT-4.5 OpenAI model OpenAI’s largest chat model at release, later positioned as a step toward GPT-5.
2024
GPT-4o OpenAI model Native text, audio and vision in one model; free ChatGPT tier access.
2023
GPT-4 OpenAI model Multimodal (text and image) model; technical report on arXiv.
2020
GPT-3 (“Language Models are Few-Shot Learners”) OpenAI paper 175-billion-parameter language model. Access sold through an API; the weights were withheld.
2019
GPT-2 (1.5B, full) OpenAI model, open weights The complete model and code, released after a nine-month staged rollout.
GPT-2 (124M, staged) OpenAI model, open weights The small model and its code published openly; the full 1.5-billion-parameter version withheld, citing the risk of misuse.
2018
GPT-1 OpenAI paper, open weights Generative pretraining on unlabeled text followed by task fine-tuning, the pattern later scaled through the GPT series.